Project silicon based zeroindex metamaterials fabrication. Real and imaginary parts of permittivity, permeability, refractive index and impedance have also been the metamaterial results are also verified with matlab based code and built in cst post processing method. Figure 3 shows the evolution of power flow against the change of refractive index. From there you can easily find out which propagating mode is present for your structure and. The article shows that this picture is quite wrong. Optical fibre toolbox file exchange matlab central mathworks. These three types of geometry have been used for analyzing effective area, propagation constant, confinement loss and waveguide dispersion. Rectangular dielectric waveguides effective index method, cont. Filmetrics systems measure refractive index and extinction coefficient over wavelengths as wide as 1901700 nm in seconds and with a single mouseclick. This paper presents four rings square, circular, and hexagonal photonic crystal fiber pcf geometry for analyzing different optical properties in a wavelength ranging from 800 nm to 1600 nm.
Diagonal anisotropy a modal analysis is performed while parametrically sweeping the length of the waveguide from 0. I designed this function with the clear intention in mind of constructing a useful database of refractive index. The major part of this thesis was to develop a computer program which is capable. Follow 10 views last 30 days jomei on 6 apr 2020 at 21. Real part of the refractive index of the effective medium. In this paper, a number of polymeric waveguide structures have been analyzed by using two distinct techniques which are. The variations in the optical spectrum of the proposed ri sensor with different refractive index solutions were. The refractive indices in the wavelength range of 435endash1523 nm were measured by a prism coupling method. These materials are used when you want to be able to vary the index of refraction rapidly. How do i find out what this average effective refractive index of the cladding is. Apr 29, 2014 since modal index is the quotient of two wave numbers it is dimensionless, like refractive index.
For wsicnh cermets, an effective refractive index was determined. Matlab implementation of the extension of marcatilis. Each material in the database has refractive index listed as a function of wavelength over a range typically required for thinfilm thickness measurement. A refractive index is a property of the material itself.
Has anyone calculated effective refractive index in pcf matlab. If your metamaterial is a random collection of dielectric particles, you could look into maxwellgarnett or bruggemann theories. Typical values displayed for the real part of refractive index are between 1. The thus obtained refractive indexes can be used with any electromagnetic simulation software to represent the response of mesocrystals composed of optically small primary particles arranged into a cubic type lattice structures.
Answered has anyone calculated effective refractive index in pcf hey. Numerical analysis of a novel high birefringence photonic. They allow one to find the effective refractive index for some rules of emt. L is the lattice dielectric constant, nm is the ratio of the carrier concentration to the effective mass, c is the speed of light, and e is the electronic charge. There are methods like fdtd, fem, beam propagation etc. This paper presents a high sensitivity liquid refractive index ri sensor based on lossy mode resonance lmr effect. The percentage of change in effective refractive index increases with the increase in wavelength as well as hole diameter, and pitch but it changes more with the lattice pitch. With this strcture, what i expected is a zero transmission after the critical angle which is 65. Are there any materials in production with a variable. How can we calculate the effective refractive index in photonic. Rp photonics encyclopedia effective refractive index.
The main aim of this investigation is the calculation of effective indexes ei of the following structures. Say i have a fiber with a core of refractive index 1. Applicability of effective medium approximations to modelling. Figure 2 shape of the norm of the magnetic field outside the sensing area and bounding gratings, plotted against the effective refractive index within the cavity. Ref encyclopedia articles on effective refractive index. I want to calculate effective refractive index for photonic crystal fiber through matlab implementation of any methos such as fdtd, fem beam prop. I want to know is the same thing possible with the help of matlab, by performing electromagnetic computation. Some theoretical analysis using the software comsol will also be required. Nonlinear ri tab in the views window 2 select viewseffective nonlinear refr. A triband lefthanded metaatom enabled designed with. There are materials whose index of refraction varies with the application of an electric field. Computing refractive index with sellmeier formula file. Calculate reflectance due to thinfilm interference by entering your films below. You can compute the effective index propagation constant, the effective group index dispersion, the linear influence of external changes e.
High sensitivity refractive index sensor by dshaped. The optical properties of slablike photonic crystals are often discussed on the basis of effective index ei approximations, where a 2d effective refractive index profile replaces the actual 3d structure. The effective refractive indices of the guided waveguide is determined using modesolver 2 in matlab. In its basic configuration, it calculates the eigenmodes and corresponding effective refractive indices of any waveguides twodimensional refractive index distribution with high precision. Openfilters offers multiple tools for the design and optimization of optical interference coatings, including refinement, the needle method, the step method, the fourier transform method and multiband rugates. Now an effective refractive index can be given for an optical component e. How to calculate the refraction index of a wave by using. Refractive index and index of refraction measurement. Effective index is sometimes used to mean modal index, but that is a bad choice of words because effective index is a term used for other things too. But i am wondering how to calculate the effective refractive indices of the regions in and out a and b of the. The function computes the refractive index using a standard form of the sellmeier formula as the ones used in osas handbooks of optics.
Using the finitedifference method to solve the helmholtz equation in the 1dim medium. Analysis of the effect of air hole diameter and lattice. In many cases, our accuracy is even better than much more complicated and expensive ellipsometry methods, especially when the film is absorbing and on a transparent substrate, which is often the case for si3n4, ito, and. For simple cases, the free software rp fiber calculator is sufficient definition. While the refractive index of a homogeneous transparent medium is based on a rather simple concept, the effective refractive index in a waveguide such as an optical fiber is somewhat more difficult to understand and is in fact often misunderstood in a usual singlemode fiber, the guided propagation mode extends.
It is defined as where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the medium. Sep, 2017 for the parameter retrieval, the relationship between a sparameter and a refractive index and impedance has been used, which is written by formula 20, 21, where n eff denotes an effective. Imaginary part of the refractive index of the effective medium. Governing equations the mode field propagation in a waveguide can be described by the wave equation.
Reflectance at wavelengths from 200 nm to 2000 nm may be calculated. Such system could present exotic phenomena with great possibilities for integrated platforms. The refractive index is a function of the both medium material through which a wave passes, and the frequency of the wave. Efficient simulation of 3d electrooptical waveguides. Rapid prototyping of biosensing surface plasmon resonance. Jun 29, 2010 i designed this function with the clear intention in mind of constructing a useful database of refractive index. How to model optical anisotropic media with comsol. From the previous figures 14, we observed that, effective refractive index changes more quickly with the change of pitch than the change of hole diameter. The first two programs deal with the computation of kk relations. Beamlabs mode solver toolbox is a versatile tool to design and analyze optical waveguides and photonic integrated circuits in your familiar matlab environment. How to calculate the n effective effective refractive index. The dshaped fibers coated with nanosized titanium dioxide tio 2 thin film as a sensing head were submerged into different refractive index solutions.
The problem with that kind of characterization is, that the propagation delay depends on the wavelength, the temperature and the actual light distribution in the fiber. How to calculate the n effective effective refractive. In this project, the student will be able to fabricate and characterize silicon pillars in a configuration where the effective refractive index becomes zero. Numerical analysis of perforated microring resonator based refractive index sensor m. I modeled my design in comsol in wave optics ewfd and. Waveguide mode solver file exchange matlab central.
How can i calculate an effective refractive index by using. Effective refractive index calculating effective refractive indices. In beamlab all simulations models are programmed using matlab code. A dispersion curve represents the variation of the effective refractive index with respect to the length of the waveguide or the operating frequency. A triband lefthanded metaatom enabled designed with high. Analysis of the effect of air hole diameter and lattice pitch. Spectral reflectance calculator for thinfilm stacks.
A common belief is that the effective refractive index of a propagation mode e. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. Analysis of optical properties for square, circular and. There is an option of calculating effective refractive index through comsol for our desired photonic crystal structure. So the airholes lower the refractive index of the cladding region. The effective refractive index will be different for each mode. This is described by snells law of refraction, n 1 sin. Numerical analysis of perforated microring resonator based. What is the effective refractive index of pcf through matlab simulation. Kronig relations and sum rules of negative refractive index media, eur. These are very easy equations to use to compute effective refractive index actually effective dielectric constant. Effective refractive index calculation comsol multiphysics.
In this work perforated microring resonator based refractive index sensor is presented. Jan 18, 2017 there are materials whose index of refraction varies with the application of an electric field. In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how fast light travels through the material. For the parameter retrieval, the relationship between a sparameter and a refractive index and impedance has been used, which is written by. Another free software thinfilm program is openfilters.
Refractive index database table of refractive index values. I provide a simple summary of these in chapter of my dissertation. The index of refraction of a commercial material is usually spe. Has anyone calculated effective refractive index in pcf. Calculate the effective refractive index of each mode for the given diameter. For example, glass has a refractive index of about 1. The method used is the tmm methods inputs are the incident angle on the structure. The reason of decreasing of effective refractive index is the increasing of air portion with the increasing of d 1 or d 2.
The software s minimum gap option will seek to minimize the gap global minimum between the smps and the ops distributions by varying the real part of the refractive index and shape correction factor of the ops data. From there you can easily find out which propagating mode is present for your structure and what exactly is the effective refractive. Rp photonics encyclopedia effective refractive index, modal. It accepts direct input parameters or a more sophisticated way using data structures. Then we build our third horizontal slab from these layers, bounding layer 2 on either side by layers 1, and for each layer we use the appropriate effective refractive index. This is basically a function to organize things and hopefully set an standard. I a trying to find out effective refractive index of photonic crystal fiber with the help of matlab software. Gui edit excel file name matlab answers matlab central. In this work perforated microring resonator based refractive index sensor is. The graph of effective refractive index as a function of wavelength is plotted for finite dimension of the soi waveguides. Lorentzlorenz and sellmeier formulas in irregular gases. Refractive index database the table below contains links to refractive index data for common materials. Effective index approximations of photonic crystal slabs. Imaginary part of the refractive index of medium 2.
Our reflectance calculator uses the same calculation engine that our thinfilm measurement systems do, which is based on the complexmatrix form of the fresnel. May 21, 2015 i want to calculate effective refractive index for photonic crystal fiber through matlab implementation of any methos such as fdtd, fem beam prop. The refractive index of a material, n, is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum and the speed of light in a given bulk media for given frequency. The effective refractive index contains information on the phase velocity of light, but not on the group velocity. Hi, quick question that may be easy for some of you. It can solve the effective refractive index for transverse electric te and transverse magnetic tm modes. Applicability of effective medium approximations to. Abeles, comparison of the effective medium and the. Efficient simulation of 3d electrooptical waveguides using.